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- <text id=90TT2386>
- <link 93AC0358>
- <title>
- Sep. 10, 1990: Who Invented Microprocessors?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Sep. 10, 1990 Playing Cat And Mouse
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 62
- Who Invented Microprocessors?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The government says Gilbert Hyatt did--and jolts an industry
- </p>
- <p> The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office registration number is
- tough to remember--4,942,516--and the holder of the patent,
- a Los Angeles inventor named Gilbert Hyatt, is a virtual
- unknown. But Hyatt, 52, has suddenly carved a memorable niche
- for himself in the multibillion-dollar semiconductor industry.
- Last week, after a 20-year battle with the patent office, the
- tenacious engineer announced that he had finally received a
- certificate of intellectual ownership for a single-chip
- microprocessor that he says he invented in 1968. The
- announcement sent shock waves throughout the computer industry,
- which could be forced to pay Hyatt millions of dollars in
- royalties.
- </p>
- <p> Most business texts credit engineer Ted Hoff at Intel Corp.,
- based in Santa Clara, Calif., with having fathered the
- microprocessor between 1969 and 1971. But Hyatt asserts that
- he put together the requisite technology a year earlier at his
- short-lived company, Micro Computer Inc., whose major investors
- included Intel's founders, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore. Micro
- Computer invented a digital computer that controlled machine
- tools, then fell apart in 1971 after a dispute between Hyatt
- and his venture-capital partners over sharing his rights to
- that invention. Noyce and Moore went on to develop Intel into
- one of the world's largest chip manufacturers. "This will set
- history straight," proclaimed Hyatt. "And this will encourage
- inventors to stick to their inventions when they're up against
- the big companies."
- </p>
- <p> Hoff still believes that his Intel group legitimately beat
- Hyatt to the punch. Yet some patent lawyers say Hyatt's new
- patent appears to apply to all microprocessor chips and the
- millions of personal computers and other products (from pocket
- calculators to videocassette recorders) that depend on them.
- Industry executives by and large are keeping mum, but if
- Hyatt's patent is broadly interpreted by courts, it could make
- him super-rich. According to analysts, a standard nonexclusive
- licensing fee of 3% of the value of computer products sold
- would translate into a $210 million payment just for last year.
- </p>
- <p> A perennially broke inventor, Hyatt could certainly use the
- cash. In 1968 he quit a well-paying job as a Teledyne engineer
- to try to solve "the chip problem" out of a makeshift
- laboratory in the living room of his three-bedroom house in
- Reseda, Calif. He used all his $10,000 savings before he
- finally figured out a method to mount a series of tiny computer
- components on a silicon chip. "I had setbacks, but I never had
- any doubts," he recalls. "When the inventive drive comes, you
- have to follow it." Despite his continuing research and
- perseverance, Hyatt earned less than $40,000 last year as an
- aerospace consultant. "I'm struggling to make my next mortgage
- payment," he says.
- </p>
- <p> Hyatt says he's not out for great wealth, only recognition
- and enough royalties to fund future experimentation. That
- attitude is admirable--and wise. If Hyatt pushes for too much
- money, he will surely face lengthy and costly litigation from
- scores of computer companies that will try to overturn his
- "single chip" patent or at least narrow its scope. In all
- likelihood, he will face protracted courtroom battles anyway.
- One argument likely to be used against Hyatt is that he never
- translated his invention into working products. Another line
- of attack is the principle in patent law of "prior art." This
- holds that a patent could be invalidated if someone proves that
- he previously invented a microprocessor identical to Hyatt's,
- even though it was not patented.
- </p>
- <p> But Hyatt has managed to survive two decades of objections
- by patent examiners, who demanded and ultimately received
- convincing proof of Hyatt's originality. That fact alone may
- inspire many computer firms to reach out-of-court settlements
- with him.
- </p>
- <p>By Richard Behar. Reported by Patrick E. Cole/Los Angeles.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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